Comparison and history of Polydora websteri and P. haswelli (Polychaeta: Spionidae) as mud-blister worms in New Zealand shellfish     

Geoffrey B Read 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):83-100

Shells of commercially valued bivalves in New Zealand, Crassostrea gigas, Perna canaliculus and Pecten novaezelandiae, are damaged by blister-causing Polydora polychaete species known to be close in morphology to the widely recorded oyster pest Polydora websteri Hartman. Recent New Zealand occurrences are here confirmed to relate to two species, P. websteri, and a second similar species, Polydora haswelli Blake & Kudenov, a new record for New Zealand, previously known only from Australia; the two species are described and compared. The worms have limited distributions, with P. websteri confirmed only for Pacific oysters (C. gigas) in northern New Zealand, although prior reports indicate it may also occur on scallops and have reached the northern South Island. Polydora haswelli has been found only in northern New Zealand, occurring on subtidal mussels and scallops and native oysters (Perna canaliculus, Pecten novaezelandiae, Ostrea chilensis), as well as co-existing with intertidal P. websteri on Pacific oysters. The worms are not present in Foveaux Strait O. chilensis beds, a major source of past oyster exports to Australia. The history of mud-blister worm outbreaks in Australasia is examined. While trans-Tasman exports of live oysters from New Zealand were commonplace during the nineteenth century, there is no evidence that mud-blister worms were present in New Zealand then. The earliest reports only date from the early 1970s and only from northern New Zealand, whereas a century earlier in the 1870s at least one of these pest worms had become widespread along eastern Australian coasts.  相似文献   

Notes on the ecology and paleoecology of neothyrls,an endemic New Zealand brachiopod     

V. E. Neall 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):117-125

Neothyris lecticularis (Deshayes, 1839) live mainly south o'f 44°S in waters 90–180 m (extremes 18–384 m) deep where bottom temperatures are always >7°c. Fossil N. “avails” (Hutton, 1886) in the early Pleistocene limestone at Castlepoint (41 °S) are associated with an assemblage of animals generioally the same as the living N. lenticularis assemblage of Foveaux Strait. The granular substrate occupied by the living animals is similar to the matrix of the Castlepoint limestone. Thus the early Pleistocene marine climate in 90–180 m at 43°S may have been about 5°c cooler than it is today; the possible use is mentioned of the presence of the fossil assemblage in studies of palaeoelimates.

Population analysis of living and fossil stocks show a constant bias toward the older age‐groups; this finding is discussed. Various ecological observations are recorded.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲海参养殖池塘微型浮游植物多样性研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王育红  杨建敏  张明亮  宋向军  王卫军  孙国华  韦秀梅 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):415-420

采用相关性分析方法研究了温度、盐度、营养盐等环境因子对黄河三角洲海参养殖池塘微型浮游植物多样性的影响。结果表明,群落多样性指数H′值主要受营养盐特别是PO43-P、NH4+-N限制,温度、盐度对H′值影响不显著。丰富度指数d值受营养盐影响不显著。温度、盐度是d值的主要影响因素,在温度15—30℃、盐度22—32范围之内,d值随温度、盐度升高而降低。均匀度指数J值受营养盐影响不显著,但受温度、盐度影响作用较为明显,在温度15—30℃、盐度22—32范围之内,J值随着温度、盐度升高而升高。由于池塘内温度、盐度、营养盐波动较大,浮游植物群落并不稳定,多样性一直处于受干扰状态。  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎人工培育群体的基因型及杂合度研究     

王昭萍  郭希明  王如才 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(2)

实验运用淀粉凝胶电泳的方法检测了１龄养殖太平洋牡蛎Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａｇｉｇａｓ５个基因座位上的基因型和杂合度。根据孟德尔自由分离规律,从子代的基因型推断出亲代可能的基因。杂合度的分析表明,人工培育的１龄太平洋牡蛎在Ａａｔ２、Ａｈ１、Ａｈ２、Ｉｄｈ１和Ｌａｐ５个多态位点上的杂合度符合Ｈ－Ｗ平衡规律,未发现明显的杂合子缺失现象。  相似文献   

Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of the Liyashan oyster reefs,Jiangsu Coast,China     

Hangjie Lin  Qian Yu  Zhiyun Du  Yiyang Fan  Yunwei Wang  Shu Gao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(10):118-128

Oyster reefs and their spatial patterns are deemed to change the local hydrodynamic condition and exert profound impacts on the grain size, concentration and transportation of suspended sediments. Meanwhile, high suspended sediment concentration often results in excess mortality among oysters. Oyster reefs are rare and vital ecosystem in Liyashan national marine park, Jiangsu Coast, China. However, urgent conservation efforts should be made on account of the drastic reduction in reef areas. To investigate the sediment dynamics and the geomorphology, two tripod observation systems were deployed and UAV aerial surveys with elevation measurement using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) were also carried out. High mud content (60%) was found in the bed sediment at the reef ridge, causing much lower drag coefficient than other recorded values of living oyster reefs, indicating the death of oysters and the degradation of reefs in Liyashan. Ridgelines of the string reefs at 45° to the current direction and high suspended sediment concentration in the water body (50–370 mg/L) that exceeds the threshold (200 mg/L), which would affect nutrient uptake efficiency and further result in gill saturation, decrease of clearance rate and associated deposition, were probably crucial causes of the death of oysters. The findings are useful for restoring natural oyster reefs and designing artificial reefs for nature-based coastal defense.  相似文献   

东太湖围网拆除前后水生植被群落遥感监测及变化     

杨井志成  罗菊花  陆莉蓉  孙喆  曹志刚  曾庆飞  毛志刚 《湖泊科学》2021,33(2):507-517

为削减东太湖养殖污染,改善湖泊水质,苏州市于2018年底基本完成东太湖养殖围网拆除工作.围网拆除后,湖泊生态环境对此如何响应,已成为学者及相关管理部门关注的重点.水生植被在维持湖泊生态系统平衡、物质循环和净化水质方面发挥着重要的作用,是诊断湖泊生态系统健康状态的关键指标.本研究基于Sentinel-2卫星数据,利用分类决策树模型和基于生活史的沉水植被优势种群提取方法,监测了东太湖2017年(围网拆除前)和2019年(围网拆除后)的水生植被类群和沉水植被优势种群的空间分布.经验证,水生植被类群监测精度为82.66%,Kappa系数为0.77;沉水植被优势种群的监测精度为62.08%,Kappa系数为0.56.结果表明:围网拆除后,东太湖水生植被优势类群由围网拆除前的沉水植被转变为浮叶植被;沉水植被分布面积减少,且种群由优势度相差不大的七大优势种群逐步向菹草和伊乐藻占据绝对优势发展,逐渐趋于单一化.  相似文献   

经济海藻羊栖菜（Sargassum fusiforme）幼体对镉胁迫的响应特性     

张甜甜  洪旻姮  吴明江  陈斌斌  马增岭 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):147-154

镉(Cd)是水生生态环境中常见的重金属污染物,通常会抑制植物的生长,减少生物量,对植物产生毒害作用。为了研究羊栖菜幼苗对海水中Cd胁迫的抗氧化响应特性,我们在天然海水和Cd加富(100 μmol·L^-1)海水两种不同的Cd浓度下培养羊栖菜幼体。实验结果表明:Cd加富胁迫显著抑制了羊栖菜幼苗生长,使藻体颜色变暗。此外,高Cd处理显著降低了羊栖菜中的色素含量,生长速率,过氧化物酶(POD)活性,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)含量和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性。相反,高Cd处理显著促进了藻体内的Cd元素积累、对Cd₂⁺吸收速率,并增加了其暗呼吸/净光合速率比值(R_d/P_n),抗坏血酸(Vc)含量,可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量,且还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及羊栖菜的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著增加,但对丙二醛(MDA)的影响不显著。虽然羊栖菜幼苗增加了其抗氧化活性并促进AsA-GSH循环,以产生H₂O₂并维持健康的新陈代谢,但高Cd胁迫显著限制了幼苗的光合作用,降低了其光合色素,抑制了其生长,并使其藻体颜色发生变化。海水中高浓度的Cd对羊栖菜幼苗具有毒性作用,并且极大地增加了这种海藻的食用风险。  相似文献   

南黄海牡蛎壳元素组成的原位微区分析及环境指示     

宋佳泽  黄湘通  杨守业  亓利剑 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2020,40(2):70-79

碳酸盐生物壳体的周期性生长纹层是记录气候环境变化的天然材料。随着原位微区测试技术的快速发展,高分辨率的同位素和化学元素组成的快速分析显著推动了古气候环境变化及生物地球化学研究。应用激光剥蚀等离子体质谱仪(LAICP-MS)对南黄海现代牡蛎Crassostrea gigas壳体韧带部的元素组成进行原位微区测试,利用内标元素43Ca进行元素比值的校正,探讨了牡蛎壳中化学元素特征及其环境意义。研究的长牡蛎壳体中Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca、Na/Ca比值具有显著的季节性周期变化。环境水体物理化学性质的变化对壳体生长速率影响较大,壳中白垩质方解石和叶片方解石生长层分别对应较高和较低的环境温度,白垩方解石层具有较高的Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca和较低的Na/Ca比值。Mg/Ca比值可指示牡蛎壳体生长环境水体温度,利用前人Mg/Ca比值公式计算可以恢复与器测资料相符的近岸海水温度结果。本研究对应用LA-ICP-MS分析技术开展高分辨率的生物壳体元素组成和环境示踪研究具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

大鹏澳牡蛎养殖对浮游植物种群结构的影响研究     

张玲  李政菊  陈飞羽  江涛  吕颂辉  江天久 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):549-555

于2013年8、10月及2014年2、5月对大鹏澳牡蛎养殖区及其邻近海域进行了采样调查。利用设置的3个站位(牡蛎养殖区S1、养殖区外S2、靠近湾口S3)的数据研究了牡蛎养殖对海区浮游植物种群结构和丰度的影响。本次考察共鉴定出大鹏澳浮游植物58属144种,丰度为6.15×103—5.94×106cells/L。其中,硅藻36属100种,占种类总数的69.4%,丰度在4.5×103—5.93×106cells/L之间;甲藻15属34种,占总种类的23.6%,丰度范围为1.5×102—4.53×104 cells/L;蓝藻、绿藻、隐藻等共7属10种。在牡蛎养殖期(8月至2月),养殖区内养殖水层浮游植物总丰度低于非养殖区,硅藻丰度占浮游植物总丰度的90%以上,硅藻丰度与总浮游植物细胞丰度的空间分布特征一致;与硅藻空间分布特点不同,养殖区内甲藻丰度显著低于非养殖区。牡蛎收获后的5月,养殖区内的甲藻丰度高于非养殖区。牡蛎养殖区站位S1浮游植物多样性指数平均值为1.35,明显低于非养殖区S2(2.68)和S3(2.69)。与此相似,养殖区内站位S1均匀度J(0.27)明显低于非养殖区站位S2(0.49)和S3(0.51)。本研究表明,大鹏澳牡蛎养殖对浮游植物群落结构造成了一定影响,能够显著降低浮游植物丰度、种类多样性和均匀度。  相似文献   

长牡蛎nacrein 基因的克隆、结构及进化分析     

宋小瑞  王晓通  李莉  张国范 《海洋科学》2015,39(10):85-93

首次在长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)中克隆得到一种新的贝壳基质蛋白nacrein-like protein F3的全长c DNA序列。nacrein-like protein F3基因c DNA全长1499bp,其中编码区长度为1242bp,编码一条含413个氨基酸残基的多肽链。氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析均表明其为合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)nacrein的同源蛋白,含有1个保守的α-碳酸酐酶结构域,但由于重复结构域的插入,α-碳酸酐酶结构域被间隔成2个亚结构域。系统进化分析显示nacrein-like protein F3与贻贝(Mytilus californianus)nacrein-like protein进化关系最近。此外,在软体动物中,双壳纲nacrein-like proteins进化速度相对较快,推测与寒武纪时期剧烈的环境变化有关,如影响贝壳形成的海水化学变化。  相似文献